1. George’s mother, Cecily, Duchess of York (left), redrawn from the Neville Book of Hours. Copyright Geoffrey Wheeler. Cecily and her son Edward IV (right) seem to have shared a retroussé nose, but Cecily was short while Edward was tall (see text). Probably Cecily was a brunette – like her father, brothers, and sons.
2. George’s father, Richard, Duke of York (right), BL MS Royal 15 E VI, fol. 3 (public domain image). The Duke of York had an aquiline nose and a prominent chin, similar to those of his youngest son, Richard (upper left: Richard III facial reconstruction; lower left: Richard Duke of Gloucester, Wavrin image). But where Richard III’s hair was brown, his father’s was golden in colour.
3. Trim Castle, Meath, Ireland, where George spent much of the first year of his life. (© Tourism Ireland)
4. Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. (Beauchamp Chapel, Warwick)
5. The arms of Jasper Tudor from the reverse of his seal. (Photograph published in W.G. De Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum, vol. 2, no. 6483, 1892)
6. The site of Fastolf’s Place in Southwark, where George stayed in 1460.
7. The view across the river Thames as George might have seen it in 1460 from the northern windows of Fastolf’s Place. A prominent feature is the Tower of London, where George was to die in 1478.
8. Model of the vanished Bishop’s Palace, Utrecht, where George and Richard may have stayed during their exile in the Low Countries.
9. Jehan de Wavrin, a Burgundian courtier who met George on a number of occasions, after a miniature from the copy of his Chronicle which Wavrin presented to Edward IV.
10. Isabel, Duchess of Clarence from the sanctuary arch, Toller Porcorum Church, Dorset. Note the elongated face and chin.
11. George, Duke of Clarence: a) badly damaged effigy, c. 1470, from the sanctuary arch, Toller Porcorum Church, Dorset; b) miniature from Wavrin’s Chronicle, c. 1475; c) eighteenth-century engraving, source unknown; d) eighteenth-century engraving, after a sixteenth-century portrait formerly in the collection of the Earl of Huntingdon. Overall, these images suggest that George had wavy hair, and a somewhat pointed chin and aquiline nose, similar to those of his father, but less prominent.
12. Modern images of George and Isabel, based on the surviving portraits. (© Mark Satchwill)
13. Warwick Castle was the principal residence of the Duke and Duchess of Clarence in the 1470s.
14. Reproduction of the Middleham Jewel, with its pearl border restored. (© George Easton, Danegeld Jewellery.) An illustration of Isabel, Duchess of Clarence from the Rous Roll indicates that she may have owned a very similar pendant (see illustration 11).
15. George’s rather apt emblem, the Black Bull of Clarence, a reproduction of one of his livery badges. West Country ancestors of the present author, who were in the service of the Duke of Clarence, probably wore such badges.
16. George’s seal as Duke of Clarence. (© Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service)
17. The former Abbot’s Residence at Tewkesbury. It was perhaps here that George stayed in 1477, while Isabel gave birth to her last child in the abbey infirmary.
18. Gallows Hill, Myton. Here Ankarette Twynyho was hanged. (© David Stowell, Geograph® Britain and Ireland Creative Commons Usage License)
19. The site of the Clarence vault, behind the high altar of Tewkesbury Abbey church. The dotted lines indicate the dimensions of the underground vault.
20. The floor design of the Clarence vault showing the pattern of the tiles. Note the cross in the centre. The tile immediately to the east of the square in the centre of the cross displays the royal arms of England.
21. A selection of fifteenth-century encaustic tiles from the cross on the floor of the Clarence vault.
22. Reconstruction of how the Clarence vault might have looked in 1478, after George’s burial.
23. Conjectural reconstruction of the likely appearance of the blue stone matrix and brasses commemorating the Duke and Duchess of Clarence, possibly commissioned by Richard III in 1483.
24. Reconstruction of the southern end of the Clarence vault in 1729, with the coffins of Samuel and Mary Hawling in place.‘
25. Reconstruction of the Clarence vault as it was found when reopened in 1826.
26. The south-eastern corner of the Clarence vault, showing how the tiled flooring was partly destroyed in 1709; the easternmost of the three stones introduced to support the coffin of Samuel Hawling, and the sites of the two brick walls constructed in 1729 and 1753 to enclose the Hawling burials.
27. The Witherington graffito of 1826, from the eastern wall of the Clarence vault.
28. The male skull from the Clarence vault, showing a healed head wound.
29. A fanciful early twentieth-century image of ‘Lambert Simnel’.
30. George’s daughter, Margaret of Clarence, Countess of Salisbury. Note the elongated face, which she seems to have inherited from her mother, and the bracelet on her right wrist with a small pendant barrel, recalling the manner of her father’s execution. (© National Portrait Gallery)
31. A nineteenth-century image of Margaret, Countess of Salisbury as ‘Blessed Margaret Pole’, Church of Our Lady and the English Martyrs, Cambridge.
32. Vanessa Roe, 16th great-granddaughter of the Duke and Duchess of Clarence. (© Vanessa Roe)
33. Nicholas Hyde Duder, 14th great-grandson of the Duke and Duchess of Clarence. (© Nicholas Hyde Duder)
34. Carole Latimer, 15th great-granddaughter of the Duke and Duchess of Clarence. (© Carole Latimer)
35. Elizabeth (Betty) Drake (Colsell), 15th great-granddaughter of the Duke and Duchess of Clarence. (© Rebecca McMains)