DIVUS JULIUS
A. Background
1. Ancestry (now lost)
2. Birth (now lost) and life up to end of civil wars (1–36)
B. Public life (37–44)
1. Aftermath of civil wars: triumphs, largesse to soldiers and people (37–8)
2. Games and spectacles (39)
3. Public policy: actual (40–43) and planned (44)
C. Character and conduct (45–80)
1. Appearance and personal habits (45–54)
(a) Appearance and health (45)
(b) Household economy (46–8)
(c) Sexual life (49–52)
(d) Drinking and eating (53)
(e) Greed (54)
2. Literary accomplishments (55–6)
3. Military character (57–70)
(a) Personal attributes (57–64)
(b) Treatment of his soldiers (65–70)
4. Personal relations (71–5)
(a) Loyalty to dependants and friends (71–2)
(b) Clemency towards enemies (73–5)
5. Arrogance in public life (76–80)
D. Assassination, funeral and aftermath (80–89)
DIVUS AUGUSTUS
A. Background (1–8)
1. Ancestry (1–4)
2. Birth and life up to gaining power (5–8)
B. Public life (9–60)
1. War (9–25)
(a) Civil wars (9–19)
(b) Foreign wars (20–25)
2. Peace (26–60)
(a) Public offices (26–8)
(b) Public policy (28–34)
(c) Senate, equites, people (35–42)
(d) Games and spectacles (43–5)
(e) Italy and the provinces (46–9)
(f ) Signet ring (50)
(g) Public virtues (51–6)
(h) Esteem by Senate, people and kings (57–60)
C. Private life (61–96)
1. Personal relations (61–7)
(a) Family (61–5)
(b) Friends (66)
(c) Dependants (67)
2. Appearance and personal habits (68–83)
(a) Sexual life, charges of luxury and greed, fondness for gambling (68–71)
(b) Houses, entertaining, food and drink, sleep (72–8)
(c) Appearance, personal care, pastimes (79–83)
3. Literary accomplishments (84–9)
4. Religion and superstition (90–96)
(a) Personal beliefs and attitudes (90–93)
(b) Omens of his rule and victories (94–6)
D. Death and aftermath (97–101)
1. Omens (97)
2. Death (98–9)
3. Burial, honours and will (100–101)
TIBERIUS
A. Background (1–25)
1. Ancestry (1–4)
2. Birth and life up to accession (5–25)
(a) Birth and childhood (5–6)
(b) Public life under Augustus (7–9)
(c) Retirement to Rhodes (10–13)
(d) Omens of his rule (14)
(e) Return to public life under Augustus (15–21)
(f) Accession (22–5)
B. Positive and neutral aspects of his reign (26–37)
1. Modesty and restraint (26–32)
2. Public policy (33–7)
C. Negative aspects of his reign (38–67)
1. Residence (38–41)
(a) Initial unwillingness to leave Rome (38)
(b) Withdrawal to Capreae (39–40)
(c) Subsequent neglect of public affairs (41)
2. Vices (42–67)
(a) Indulgence in food and drink (42)
(b) Sexual excess (43–5)
(c) Stinginess and greed (46–9)
(d) Hostility to family (50–54)
(e) Hostility to friends (55–6)
(f) Cruelty (57–65)
(g) Hatred of Tiberius and his own self–loathing (66–7)
D. Personal characteristics (68–71)
1. Appearance and health (68)
2. Attitude to religion (69)
3. Literary accomplishments (70–71)
E. Death and aftermath (72–6)
1. Last days and death (72–3)
2. Omens (74)
3. Funeral and will (75–6)
GAIUS CALIGULA
A. Background (1–14)
1. Biography of his father Germanicus (1–6)
2. Germanicus’ other children (7)
3. Birth and life up to accession (8–12)
4. Accession and initial popularity (13–14)
B. Positive and neutral aspects of his reign (15–21)
1. Piety towards family members (15)
2. Public policy (15–16)
3. Public offices; largesse (17)
4. Games and spectacles (18–20)
5. Building projects (21)
C. Negative aspects of his reign (22–49)
1. Arrogance (22)
2. Lack of respect (23–6)
(a) For family (23–4)
(b) For wives (25)
(c) For friends, Senate, equites and people (26)
3. Cruelty (27–33)
4. Envy and spite (34–5)
5. Sexual excess (36)
6. Extravagance (37)
7. Greed (38–42)
8. Military expedition to Gaul and Germany: military ineptitude (43–9)
D. Personal appearance and habits (50–55)
1. Appearance and health (50)
2. Cowardice (51)
3. Eccentricities of dress (52)
4. Literary and artistic accomplishments (53–4)
5. Enthusiasm for games and spectacles (55)
E. Death and aftermath (56–60)
1. Formation of conspiracy (56)
2. Omens of death (57)
3. Death and burial (58–9)
4. Aftermath (60)
DIVUS CLAUDIUS
A. Background (1–10)
1. Sketch of his father Drusus (1)
2. Birth and life up to accession (2–10)
(a) Birth and youth (2)
(b) Reactions of mother, grandmother and sister (3)
(c) Life under Augustus (4)
(d) Life under Tiberius (5–6)
(e) Life under Gaius (7–9)
(f) Accession (10)
B. Public life (11–25)
1. Virtues (11–12)
(a) Clemency and piety towards family members (11)
(b) Modesty and restraint (12)
2. Threats to his reign (13)
3. Public offices and administration of justice (14–16)
4. Military expedition (17)
5. Care for the city (18–19)
6. Building projects (20)
7. Games and spectacles (21)
8. Public policy (22–3)
9. Treatment of Senate, equites, people and provinces (24–5)
C. Private life (26–42)
1. Personal relations (26–9)
(a) Wives (26)
(b) Children (27)
(c) Freedmen (28)
(d) Influence of wives and freedmen (29)
2. Appearance and personal habits (30–33)
(a) Appearance and health (30–31)
(b) Dining (32)
(c) Food and drink, sexual life, gambling (33)
4. Vices (34–40)
(a) Cruelty (34)
(b) Fearfulness (35–7)
(c) Anger (38)
(d) Stupidity and ineptitude (38–40)
5. Literary accomplishments (41–2)
D. Death (43–6)
1. Regrets over adoption of Nero (43)
2. Death, funeral and deification (44–5)
3. Omens (46)
NERO
A. Background (1–8)
1. Ancestry (1–5)
2. Birth and life up to accession (6–7)
3. Accession (8)
B. Positive and neutral aspects of his reign (9–19)
1. Virtues (9–10)
2. Games and spectacles (11–13)
3. Public offices (14)
4. Public policy (15–17)
5. Additions to empire and travels (18–19)
C. Negative aspects of his reign (20–39)
1. Mania for public performance (20–25)
(a) Music and theatre (20–21)
(b) Chariot racing (22)
(c) Tour of Greece and ‘triumph’ in Rome (22–5)
2. Vices (26–38)
(a) Insolence (26)
(b) General self–indulgence (27)
(c) Sexual excess (28–9)
(d) Extravagance (30–31)
(e) Greed (32)
(f) Cruelty: towards family, wives and relatives (33–5), Senate (36–7), and people (38)
3. Disasters of reign and lampoons on Nero (39)
D. Death (40–50)
1. Revolt in Gaul and Spain (40–45)
2. Omens of death (46)
3. Abandonment and suicide (47–9)
4. Burial (50)
E. Personal characteristics (51–6)
1. Appearance, health, dress (51)
2. Literary accomplishments (52)
3. Craving for fame (53–5)
4. Attitude to religion (56)
F. Aftermath of death (57)
GALBA
A. Background (1–11)
1. The end of the Julio–Claudians (1)
2. Ancestry (2–3)
3. Birth and omens of rule (4)
4. Life and career up to governorship of Spain (5–9)
5. Revolt against Nero and accession (9–11)
B. Reign (12–15)
1. Vices (12)
2. Popular reaction (13)
3. Influence of his associates (14)
4. Public policy (14–15)
C. Fall and death (16–20)
1. Hostility of army (16)
2. Adoption of Piso (17)
3. Omens (18)
4. Death (19–20)
D. Personal characteristics: appearance, dining habits, sexual life (21–2)
E. Aftermath of death (23)
OTHO
A. Background (1–6)
1. Ancestry (1)
2. Birth and life up to reign of Galba (2–4)
3. Coup against Galba (5–6)
B. Reign (7)
C. Fall and death (8–11)
1. Revolt of Vitellius and Otho's response (8–9)
2. Suicide (9–11)
D. Appearance and personal habits; reactions to death (12)
VITELLIUS
A. Background (1–10)
1. Ancestry (1–3)
2. Birth and early career (3–6)
3. Governorship of Germany, revolt and accession (7–10)
B. Reign (11–14)
1. Inauspicious opening (11)
2. Influence of freedman (12)
3. Vices: gluttony (13) and cruelty (14)
C. Fall and death (15–18)
DIVUS VESPASIAN
A. Background (1–7)
1. Ancestry (1)
2. Birth and career up to command of army in Judaea (2–4)
3. Omens of rule (5)
4. Revolt and accession; healing miracles (6–7)
B. Public life (8–19)
1. Public offices (8)
2. Public policy (8–11)
3. Virtues and vices (12–19)
(a) Modesty and restraint (12)
(b) Clemency (13–15)
(c) Greed (16) and liberality (17–19)
C. Private life (20–23)
1. Appearance and personal habits (20–21)
2. Wit (22–3)
D. Death and omens (24–5)
DIVUS TITUS
A. Background (1–7)
1. Birth and life up to command in Judaea (1–4)
2. Command in Judaea (5)
3. Public life under Vespasian; bad reputation (6–7)
B. Virtues as emperor: restraint, generosity, benevolence, clemency (7–9)
C. Death and aftermath (10–11)
DOMITIAN
A. Background: birth and life under Vespasian and Titus (1–2)
B. Positive and neutral aspects of his reign (3–9)
1. General remarks (3)
2. Games and spectacles; largesse (4)
3. Building projects (5)
4. Foreign and civil wars (6)
5. Public policy (7–9)
C. Negative aspects of his reign (10–13)
1. Cruelty and duplicity (10–11)
2. Greed (12)
3. Arrogance (12–13)
D. Death (14–17)
1. Foreknowledge and fearfulness (14–16)
2. Assassination (17)
E. Personal characteristics (18–22)
1. Appearance (18)
2. Personal habits, wit, dining, gambling (19–21)
3. Sexual life (22)
F. Reactions to death (23)